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Safari English Academy · Grammar · B1 Intermediate

Conditionals and the passive

ሁኔታዊ ዓረፍተ ነገሮችና ተገብሮ ግስ

Name: ________________________Date: ______________

How it works

Conditionals

Zero: If you heat ice, it melts. (if + present, present)

ሁልጊዜ እውነት የሆነ ነገር።

First: If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. (if + present, will + verb)

ሊሆን የሚችል የወደፊት ሁኔታ።

Second: If I had more time, I would learn French. (if + past, would + verb)

ምናባዊ ወይም የማይመስል የአሁን ሁኔታ።

Third: If she had studied, she would have passed. (if + had + V3, would have + V3)

ያለፈ ያልተፈጸመ ሁኔታ፦ አሁን መለወጥ አይቻልም።

Never put will or would in the if-part: "If it will rain" is wrong. Use "If it rains".

"will" ወይም "would" በ"if" ክፍል ውስጥ አያስገቡ፦ "If it will rain" ስህተት ነው፤ "If it rains" ይበሉ።

The passive: be + past participle

Present: Coffee is grown in Jimma.

ቡና በጅማ ይመረታል።

Past: The bridge was built in 2010.

ድልድዩ በ2010 ተሠራ።

Present perfect: The results have been announced.

ውጤቶቹ ይፋ ተደርገዋል።

Future / modal: The exam will be held in June. Phones must be switched off.

ፈተናው በሰኔ ይሰጣል። ስልኮች መጥፋት አለባቸው።

Use the passive when the action is more important than the person who did it. Add "by" only if the doer matters: The book was written by a local teacher.

ድርጊቱ ከፈጻሚው በላይ አስፈላጊ ሲሆን ተገብሮ ይጠቀሙ። ፈጻሚው አስፈላጊ ከሆነ ብቻ "by" ይጨምሩ።

Examples

If you mix red and white, you get pink.ቀይና ነጭን ብትቀላቅል ሮዝ ታገኛለህ።
If you study every day, you will pass the exam.በየቀኑ ካጠናህ ፈተናውን ታልፋለህ።
If I were the director, I would build a new library.ዳይሬክተሩ ብሆን ኖሮ አዲስ ቤተ መጻሕፍት እሠራ ነበር።
If we had left earlier, we would not have missed the bus.ቀደም ብለን ብንወጣ ኖሮ አውቶቡሱ አያመልጠንም ነበር።
English is spoken in many countries.እንግሊዝኛ በብዙ አገሮች ይነገራል።
The letters were delivered this morning.ደብዳቤዎቹ ዛሬ ጠዋት ደረሱ።
The new road has been finished.አዲሱ መንገድ ተጠናቋል።
The winners will be announced next week.አሸናፊዎቹ በሚቀጥለው ሳምንት ይፋ ይደረጋሉ።

Exercises

  1. If it ___ tomorrow, the match will be cancelled.

    ነገ ከዘነበ ጨዋታው ይሰረዛል።

    • ☐ a) rains
    • ☐ b) rained
    • ☐ c) will rain
    • ☐ d) would rain

  2. If I ___ a lot of money, I would help my village.

    ብዙ ገንዘብ ቢኖረኝ ኖሮ መንደሬን እረዳ ነበር።

    • ☐ a) have
    • ☐ b) had
    • ☐ c) will have
    • ☐ d) have had

  3. If he had listened to the teacher, he ___ the mistake.

    መምህሩን ቢያዳምጥ ኖሮ ስህተቱን አይሠራም ነበር።

    • ☐ a) didn't make
    • ☐ b) wouldn't have made
    • ☐ c) wouldn't make
    • ☐ d) won't make

  4. This hospital ___ in 1995.

    ይህ ሆስፒታል በ1995 ተሠራ።

    • ☐ a) built
    • ☐ b) was built
    • ☐ c) is built
    • ☐ d) has built

  5. Choose the passive form of: "The teacher has marked the papers."

    የሚከተለውን ወደ ተገብሮ ይቀይሩ፦ "መምህሩ ወረቀቶቹን አርሟል።"

    • ☐ a) The papers have marked by the teacher.
    • ☐ b) The papers has been marked by the teacher.
    • ☐ c) The papers were marking by the teacher.
    • ☐ d) The papers have been marked by the teacher.

  6. Mobile phones must _______________ switched off during the exam.

    በፈተናው ወቅት ሞባይል ስልኮች መጥፋት አለባቸው።

  7. If you heat water to 100°C, it _______________ (boil).

    ውሃን እስከ 100°ሴ ብታሞቀው ይፈላል።

  8. inCoffeegrownisJimma.

    ቡና በጅማ ይመረታል።

Answer key

  1. a) rains
  2. b) had
  3. b) wouldn't have made
  4. b) was built
  5. d) The papers have been marked by the teacher.
  6. be
  7. boils
  8. Coffee is grown in Jimma.

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