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Safari English Academy · Grammar · C1 Advanced

Participle clauses

የሳቢ ግስ (participle) ሐረጎች

Name: ________________________Date: ______________

How it works

A participle clause replaces a full clause (subject + verb) with a participle. It is common in formal writing and makes sentences shorter.

የሳቢ ግስ ሐረግ ሙሉ ሐረግን (ባለቤት + ግስ) በሳቢ ግስ ይተካል። በመደበኛ ጽሑፍ ውስጥ የተለመደ ሲሆን ዓረፍተ ነገሮችን ያሳጥራል።

-ing: active, often at the same time or giving a reason

Because she felt tired, she went home early. → Feeling tired, she went home early.

ስለደከማት ቀደም ብላ ወደ ቤት ሄደች።

-ed: passive

The report, which was written in 2020, is still useful. → The report, written in 2020, is still useful.

በ2020 የተጻፈው ሪፖርት አሁንም ጠቃሚ ነው።

Having + past participle: one action finished before another

After he had finished his degree, he moved to Mekelle. → Having finished his degree, he moved to Mekelle.

ዲግሪውን ከጨረሰ በኋላ ወደ መቐለ ተዛወረ።

The subject of the participle must be the same as the subject of the main clause. "Walking to work, the rain started" is wrong: the rain was not walking. Say "Walking to work, I got caught in the rain."

የሳቢ ግሱ ባለቤት ከዋናው ሐረግ ባለቤት ጋር አንድ መሆን አለበት። "Walking to work, the rain started" ስሕተት ነው፤ ዝናቡ አልተራመደም። "Walking to work, I got caught in the rain" ይበሉ።

Examples

Feeling tired, she went home early.ስለደከማት ቀደም ብላ ወደ ቤት ሄደች።
Not knowing the way, we asked a taxi driver.መንገዱን ስለማናውቅ የታክሲ ሹፌር ጠየቅን።
Having finished his degree, he moved to Mekelle.ዲግሪውን ከጨረሰ በኋላ ወደ መቐለ ተዛወረ።
The report, written last year, is still useful.ባለፈው ዓመት የተጻፈው ሪፖርት አሁንም ጠቃሚ ነው።
Built in the seventeenth century, the castle attracts many visitors.በአሥራ ሰባተኛው ክፍለ ዘመን የተገነባው ቤተ መንግሥት ብዙ ጎብኚዎችን ይስባል።
Walking along the river, I noticed a group of children fishing.በወንዙ ዳር እየተራመድኩ ሳለ ዓሣ የሚያጠምዱ የልጆች ቡድን አየሁ።
Students wishing to join the course should register by Monday.ኮርሱን መቀላቀል የሚፈልጉ ተማሪዎች እስከ ሰኞ መመዝገብ አለባቸው።
Having been warned about the traffic, we left an hour early.ስለ ትራፊኩ ማስጠንቀቂያ ስለተሰጠን አንድ ሰዓት ቀደም ብለን ወጣን።

Exercises

  1. ___ the instructions, he couldn't use the machine.

    መመሪያዎቹን ስላልተረዳ ማሽኑን መጠቀም አልቻለም።

    • ☐ a) Understanding not
    • ☐ b) Not understood
    • ☐ c) Not understanding

  2. The bridge, ___ in 1960, needs repairs.

    በ1960 የተገነባው ድልድይ ጥገና ያስፈልገዋል።

    • ☐ a) having built
    • ☐ b) built
    • ☐ c) building

  3. Which sentence is correct?

    ትክክለኛው ዓረፍተ ነገር የትኛው ነው?

    • ☐ a) Arrived at the station, I found the train had left.
    • ☐ b) Arriving at the station, I found the train had left.
    • ☐ c) Arriving at the station, the train had left.

  4. ___ all the documents, she signed the contract.

    ሰነዶቹን ሁሉ ካነበበች በኋላ ውሉን ፈረመች።

    • ☐ a) Read
    • ☐ b) Being read
    • ☐ c) Having read

  5. Passengers _______________ for Bahir Dar should go to gate 3.

    ወደ ባሕር ዳር የሚጓዙ መንገደኞች (travel በ-ing)።

  6. _______________ by the noise, the baby started to cry.

    በጩኸቱ ደንግጦ (frighten በ-ed ቅርጽ)።

  7. finishedHavingwork,wentsheherhome.

    ሥራዋን ከጨረሰች በኋላ ወደ ቤት ሄደች።

    1. 1. Feeling hungry, … → ___
    2. 2. Written in Ge'ez, … → ___
    3. 3. Having eaten, … → ___
    • a) ከበላ/ከበላች በኋላ…
    • b) ስለራበው/ስለራባት…
    • c) በግዕዝ የተጻፈው…

Answer key

  1. c) Not understanding
  2. b) built
  3. b) Arriving at the station, I found the train had left.
  4. c) Having read
  5. travelling / traveling / flying
  6. Frightened / Woken / Scared / Startled
  7. Having finished her work, she went home.
  8. 1-b, 2-c, 3-a

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